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''Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies'' is the 1623 published collection of William Shakespeare's plays. Modern scholars commonly refer to it as the First Folio.〔More generally, the term "first folio" is employed in other appropriate contexts, as in connection with the first folio collection of Ben Jonson's works (1616), or the first folio collection of the plays in the Beaumont and Fletcher canon (1647).〕 Printed in folio format and containing 36 plays (see list of Shakespeare's plays), it was prepared by Shakespeare's colleagues John Heminges and Henry Condell. It was dedicated to the "incomparable pair of brethren" William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke and his brother Philip Herbert, Earl of Montgomery (later 4th Earl of Pembroke). Although eighteen of Shakespeare's plays had been published in quarto prior to 1623, the First Folio is arguably the only reliable text for about twenty of the plays, and a valuable source text even for many of those previously published. The Folio includes all of the plays generally accepted to be Shakespeare's, with the exception of ''Pericles, Prince of Tyre'', ''The Two Noble Kinsmen'', and the two lost plays, ''Cardenio'' and ''Love's Labour's Won''. ==Printing== The contents of the First Folio were compiled by Heminges and Condell;〔(''Shakespeare's First Folio'', British Library, Undated ). Retrieved: 16 April 2011.〕 the members of the Stationers Company who published the book were the booksellers Edward Blount and the father/son team of William and Isaac Jaggard. The Jaggards were printers as well as booksellers, an unusual but not unprecedented combination. William Jaggard has seemed an odd choice by the King's Men, since he had published the questionable collection ''The Passionate Pilgrim'' as Shakespeare's, and in 1619 had printed new editions of ten Shakespearean quartos to which he did not have clear rights, some with false dates and title pages (the False Folio affair). Indeed, his contemporary Thomas Heywood, whose poetry Jaggard had pirated and misattributed to Shakespeare, specifically reports that Shakespeare was "much offended with M. ''Jaggard'' (that altogether unknown to him) presumed to make so bold with his name." Heminges and Condell emphasised that the Folio was replacing the earlier publications, which they characterised as "stol'n and surreptitious copies, maimed and deformed by frauds and stealths of injurious impostors", asserting that Shakespeare's true words "are now offer'd to your view cured, and perfect of their limbes; and all the rest, absolute in their numbers as he conceived them." The paper industry in England was then in its infancy and the quantity of quality rag paper for the book was imported from France.〔"Fame, Fortune, & Theft: The Shakespeare First Folio", exhibit at the Folger Shakespeare Library, June 3 – September 3, 2011, curated by Anthony J. West and Owen Williams, with Melissa Cook; accessed 3 July 2011.〕 It is thought that the typesetting and printing of the First Folio was such a large job that the King's Men simply needed the capacities of the Jaggards' shop. William Jaggard was old, infirm and blind by 1623, and died a month before the book went on sale; most of the work in the project must have been done by his son Isaac. The First Folio's publishing syndicate also included two stationers who owned the rights to some of the individual plays that had been previously printed: William Aspley (''Much Ado About Nothing'' and ''Henry IV, Part 2'') and John Smethwick (''Love's Labour's Lost,'' ''Romeo and Juliet,'' and ''Hamlet''). Smethwick had been a business partner of another Jaggard, William's brother John. The printing of the Folio was probably done between February 1622 and early November 1623.〔Hinman, pp. 363–5.〕 The printer originally expected to have the book ready early, since it was listed in the Frankfurt Book Fair catalogue as a book to appear between April and October 1622.〔("First Folio Frankfurt 1622" ), 18 March 2011, I Love Shakespeare Blog; accessed 21 August 2011.〕〔Sotheby's, "The Shakespeare First Folio, 1623: The Dr. Williams's Library Copy", 13 July 2006; "Printing the First Folio" p. 13〕 The first impression had a publication date of 1623, and the earliest record of a retail purchase is an account book entry for 5 December 1623 of Edward Dering (who purchased two); the Bodleian Library, in Oxford, received its copy in early 1624 (which it subsequently sold for £24 as a superseded edition when the Third Folio became available in 1663/1664). ==Contents== The thirty-six plays of the First Folio occur in the order given below; plays that had never been published before 1623 are marked with an asterisk. Each play is followed by the type of source used, as determined by bibliographical research.〔G. Blakemore Evans, textual editor, ''The Riverside Shakespeare,'' Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1974.〕 (Some definitions are needed. The term "foul papers" refers to Shakespeare's working drafts of a play; when completed, a transcript or "fair copy" of the foul papers would be prepared, by the author or by a scribe. Such a manuscript would have to be heavily annotated with accurate and detailed stage directions and all the other data needed for performance, and then could serve as a "prompt-book", to be used by the prompter to guide a performance of the play. Any of these manuscripts, in any combination, could be used as a source for a printed text. On rare occasions a printed text might be annotated for use as a prompt-book; this may have been the case with ''A Midsummer Night's Dream''. The label Q''n'' denotes the ''n''th quarto edition of a play.) ;Comedies * 1 ''The Tempest'' * – the play was set into type from a manuscript prepared by Ralph Crane, a professional scrivener employed by the King's Men. Crane produced a high-quality result, with formal act/scene divisions, frequent use of parentheses and hyphenated forms, and other identifiable features. * 2 ''The Two Gentlemen of Verona'' * – another transcript by Ralph Crane. * 3 ''The Merry Wives of Windsor'' – another transcript by Ralph Crane. * 4 ''Measure for Measure'' * – probably another Ralph Crane transcript. * 5 ''The Comedy of Errors'' * – probably typeset from Shakespeare's "foul papers," lightly annotated. * 6 ''Much Ado About Nothing'' – typeset from a copy of the quarto, lightly annotated. * 7 ''Love's Labour's Lost'' – typeset from a corrected copy of Q1. * 8 ''A Midsummer Night's Dream'' – typeset from a copy of Q2, well-annotated, possibly used as a prompt-book. * 9 ''The Merchant of Venice'' – typeset from a lightly edited and corrected copy of Q1. *10 ''As You Like It'' * – from a quality manuscript, lightly annotated by a prompter. *11 ''The Taming of the Shrew'' * – typeset from Shakespeare's "foul papers," somewhat annotated, perhaps as preparation for use as a prompt-book. *12 ''All's Well That Ends Well'' * – probably from Shakespeare's "foul papers" or a manuscript of them. *13 ''Twelfth Night'' * – typeset either from a prompt-book or a transcript of one. *14 ''The Winter's Tale'' * – another transcript by Ralph Crane. ;Histories *15 ''King John'' * – uncertain: a prompt-book, or "foul papers." *16 ''Richard II'' – typeset from Q3 and Q5, corrected against a prompt-book. *17 ''Henry IV, Part 1'' – typeset from an edited copy of Q5. *18 ''Henry IV, Part 2'' – uncertain: some combination of manuscript and quarto text. *19 ''Henry V'' – typeset from Shakespeare's "foul papers." *20 ''Henry VI, Part 1'' * – likely from an annotated transcript of the author's manuscript. *21 ''Henry VI, Part 2'' – probably a Shakespearean manuscript used as a prompt-book. *22 ''Henry VI, Part 3'' – like 2H6, probably a Shakespearean prompt-book. *23 ''Richard III'' – a difficult case: probably typeset partially from Q3, and partially from Q6 corrected against a manuscript (maybe "foul papers"). *24 ''Henry VIII'' * – typeset from a fair copy of the authors' manuscript. ;Tragedies *25 ''Troilus and Cressida'' – probably typeset from the quarto, corrected with Shakespeare's "foul papers," printed after the rest of the Folio was completed. *26 ''Coriolanus'' * – set from a high-quality authorial transcript. *27 ''Titus Andronicus'' – typeset from a copy of Q3 that might have served as a prompt-book. *28 ''Romeo and Juliet'' – in essence a reprint of Q3. *29 ''Timon of Athens'' * – set from Shakespeare's foul papers or a transcript of them. *30 ''Julius Caesar'' * – set from a prompt-book, or a transcript of a prompt-book. *31 ''Macbeth'' * – probably set from a prompt-book. *32 ''Hamlet'' – one of the most difficult problems in the First Folio: probably typeset from some combination of Q2 and manuscript sources. *33 ''King Lear'' – a difficult problem: probably set mainly from Q1 but with reference to Q2, and corrected against a prompt-book. *34 ''Othello'' – another difficult problem: probably typeset from Q1, corrected with a quality manuscript. *35 ''Antony and Cleopatra'' * – possibly "foul papers" or a transcript of them. *36 ''Cymbeline'' * – possibly another Ralph Crane transcript, or else the official prompt-book. ''Troilus and Cressida'' was originally intended to follow ''Romeo and Juliet'', but the typesetting was stopped, probably due to a conflict over the rights to the play; it was later inserted as the first of the Tragedies, when the rights question was resolved. It does not appear in the table of contents. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「first folio」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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